Design of a Hybrid Energy System with Energy Storage for Standalone DC Microgrid Application

This paper presents microgrid-distributed energy resources (DERs) for a rural standalone system. It is made up of solar photovoltaic (solar PV) system, battery storage system (BESS), and wind turbine coupled to permanent magnet synchronous generator (WT-PMSG). The DERs are controlled by maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based proportional integral (PI) controllers both error feedback compensation. MPPT uses the perturb observe (P&O) algorithm DERs. PI gains tuned using Ziegler–Nichols method. developed was built simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under two conditions—constant load, step-load changes. enabled BESS charge even during conditions varying load other environmental factors such as change irradiance speed. reference tracked extremely well output voltage DC microgrid. useful research electrifying islanded areas which too far from grid.